
Noordwijk aan Zee
The English
artist Mishka Henner has
collected the images of the Dutch government's censorship of aerial images
showing economic, political, or military locations. Previously, in 2009, the artist Greg Allen utilized these images as subjects for a series of paintings. While most nations take
steps to protect sites of interest from being seen on technologies like Google
Earth, the Dutch appear to do it with unique flair. The Dutch interventions
deploy strategic pixelated abstractions, presumably to more easily blend into
the digitally represented landscape. Though they
destroy the presumed object of interest, they also create beautiful new
impossible landscapes. Says Henner:
Governments
concerned about the sudden visibility of political, economic and military
locations exerted considerable influence on suppliers of this imagery to censor
sites deemed vital to national security. This form of censorship continues
today and techniques vary from country to country with preferred methods generally
including use of cloning, blurring, pixelization, and whitening out sites of
interest.
Surprisingly,
one of the most vociferous of all governments to enforce this form of
censorship were the Dutch, hiding hundreds of significant sites including royal
palaces, fuel depots and army barracks throughout their relatively small
country. The Dutch method of censorship is notable for its stylistic
intervention compared to other countries; imposing bold, multi-coloured
polygons over sites rather than the subtler and more standard techniques
employed in other countries. The result is a landscape occasionally punctuated
by sharp aesthetic contrasts between secret sites and the rural and urban
environments surrounding them.
The
technique is reminiscent of the "micropatterns" on military camouflage, which mimic poor-resolution digital photography.
"Micropatterns" are not designed to hide soldiers from direct human
eyesight. Instead, they allow soldiers to blend more easily into contemporary
surveillance images. Yet the Dutch process of landscape camouglage carries
other diverse implications. Henner also emphasizes that the digital alteration
of the landscape comes head to head with the physically altered landscape,
visible in many of the photographs. The Dutch landscape has been shaped since
the 16th century by "dunes, dykes, pumps, and drainage networks" that
have kept the nation above sea level. Those transformations protect the
Netherlands from the menace of water, while the digital alterations protect the
country from "an imaged human menace" looking to harm the country.

Mauritskazerne, Ede
These new
landscapes serve as modern analogues to the genre of Dutch landscape painting,
specifically the pre-Golden Age Neatherlandish paintings, which depicted
landscapes from an impossibly high angle and eschewed slightly the later
depiction of impressive cloud formations. Those artists have their own set of
formal interventions to create visually new landscapes. Their strategy is one
of scope and proportion, not superimposed polygons. These paintings also
concern themselves with transformations in the physical landscape: the fist
records a devastating flood (perhaps an impetus for later preventative changes
to the terrain), while the second depicts a harvest that is the result of human
cultivation of the land.

Section from panel depicting the St. Elizabeth's Flood, 1421 by an unknown artist (c. 1500)

Willem Lodewijk van Nassau Kazerne

Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Corn
Harvest (August) (1565)

National Park Lauwersmeer
Later Golden Age landscape paintings
relished in the depiction of romantic ruins, as in the beneath painting by Jan
Both. Those paintings fetishize the remains of a structure that has been
devoured by history--in this case, a romantic, synthetic history. The depicted
ruins needed not correspond to specific sites of historical relevance. Instead,
they served as gateways to modes of life with historical significance and
offered an experience of sublime contemplation.

Jan Both, Ruins at the Sea (date unknown)

Frederikkazerne, The Hague
The fascination with contemporary Dutch
landscape censorship creates new, synthetic ruins. The abstract forms hovering
over aerial images are an information ruins: locations that
have been swallowed by a paranoiac security state. They become new
objects of contemplation, suggesting a magnitude of significance to the sights
which necessitates their remaining unseen. The weight of history is replaced
with the burden of surveillance, and physical alteration is replaced with
digital concealment. Yet Henner's collection helps us recognize that all
changes in visuality and technology birth both new ways of seeing and new
things to be seen.
All aerial images collected by Mishka Henner.